What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. As a skilled writer, Wells-Barnett also used her skills as a journalist to shed light on the conditions of African Americans throughout the South. If he showed a spirit of courageous manhood he was hanged for his pains, and the killing was justified by the declaration that he was a saucy nigger. Colored women have been murdered because they refused to tell the mobs where relatives could be found for lynching bees. Boys of fourteen years have been lynched by white representatives of American civilization. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. It presents three salient facts: First: Lynching is color line murder. Wells. Wells was one of those voices. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. Two months earlier, her friend . Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched. Lit2Go Edition. . Her openly uncensored publications, 'Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its phases, and 'The Red Desired Effect. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Lynch Law in America Political Culture Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Edited and introduced by David Tucker Version One Version two Version three Cite Part of these Core Document Collections Slavery and Its Consequences View Study Questions How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. The mayor gave the school children a holiday and the railroads ran excursion trains so that the people might see a human being burned to death. This she has done, and it is certain will have to do again in the case of the recent lynching of Italians in Louisiana. The six remaining Wells children were orphaned, and Ida "suddenly found myself head of a . This pamphlet was authored by Ida B. Wells-Barnett and widely circulated in the North. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. McNamara, Robert. In 1892, Wells had left Memphis to attend a conference in . Lynch law in Georgia by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931; Le Vin, Louis P Publication date 1899 Topics Lynching, African Americans Publisher Chicago : This pamphlet is circulated by Chicago colored citizens Collection lincolncollection; americana Digitizing sponsor Ida B. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. That given, he will abide the result. Today, we should take time to pause . Wells was enslaved from her birth on July 16, 1862,in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Indeed, the silence and seeming condonation grow more marked as the years go by. Lawlessness permeated the nation, allowing for lynching. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). From Ida B. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. . [2] Wells. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. According to Wells figures, 66% percent of the victims were African Americans, 34% were white or of some other race. Wells became deeply interested in the lynching problem after three Black businessmen she knew were killed by a white mob outside Memphis, Tennessee, in 1892. The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). She examined a number of cases of lynching and concluded that the accusations of criminal activity were mere pretexts, contrary to the claims of those who tried to justify the practice. But since the world has accepted this false and unjust statement, and the burden of proof has been placed upon the negro to vindicate his race, he is taking steps to do so. Abolitionist Sheet Music Cover Page, 1844, Barack Obama, Howard University Commencement Address (2016), Blueprint and Photograph of Christ Church, Constitutional Ratification Cartoon, 1789, Drawing of Uniforms of the American Revolution, Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law Lithograph, 1850, Genius of the Ladies Magazine Illustration, 1792, Missionary Society Membership Certificate, 1848, Painting of Enslaved Persons for Sale, 1861, The Fruit of Alcohol and Temperance Lithographs, 1849, The Society for United States Intellectual History Primary Source Reader, Bartolom de Las Casas Describes the Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples, 1542, Thomas Morton Reflects on Indians in New England, 1637, Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca Travels through North America, 1542, Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584, John Winthrop Dreams of a City on a Hill, 1630, John Lawson Encounters Native Americans, 1709, A Gaspesian Man Defends His Way of Life, 1641, Manuel Trujillo Accuses Asencio Povia and Antonio Yuba of Sodomy, 1731, Olaudah Equiano Describes the Middle Passage, 1789, Francis Daniel Pastorius Describes his Ocean Voyage, 1684, Rose Davis is sentenced to a life of slavery, 1715, Boston trader Sarah Knight on her travels in Connecticut, 1704, Jonathan Edwards Revives Enfield, Connecticut, 1741, Samson Occom describes his conversion and ministry, 1768, Extracts from Gibson Cloughs War Journal, 1759, Alibamo Mingo, Choctaw leader, Reflects on the British and French, 1765, George R. 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Hewes, A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-party, 1834, Thomas Paine Calls for American independence, 1776, Women in South Carolina Experience Occupation, 1780, Boston King recalls fighting for the British and for his freedom, 1798, Abigail and John Adams Converse on Womens Rights, 1776, Hector St. Jean de Crvecur Describes the American people, 1782, A Confederation of Native peoples seek peace with the United States, 1786, Mary Smith Cranch comments on politics, 1786-87, James Madison, Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, 1785, George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796, Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, 1798, Letter of Cato and Petition by the negroes who obtained freedom by the late act, in Postscript to the Freemans Journal, September 21, 1781, Black scientist Benjamin Banneker demonstrates Black intelligence to Thomas Jefferson, 1791, Creek headman Alexander McGillivray (Hoboi-Hili-Miko) seeks to build an alliance with Spain, 1785, Tecumseh Calls for Native American Resistance, 1810, Abigail Bailey Escapes an Abusive Relationship, 1815, James Madison Asks Congress to Support Internal Improvements, 1815, A Traveler Describes Life Along the Erie Canal, 1829, Maria Stewart bemoans the consequences of racism, 1832, Rebecca Burlend recalls her emigration from England to Illinois, 1848, Harriet H. Robinson Remembers a Mill Workers Strike, 1836, Alexis de Tocqueville, How Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes, 1840, Missouri Controversy Documents, 1819-1920, Rhode Islanders Protest Property Restrictions on Voting, 1834, Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838, Andrew Jacksons Veto Message Against Re-chartering the Bank of the United States, 1832, Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? 1852, Samuel Morse Fears a Catholic Conspiracy, 1835, Revivalist Charles G. Finney Emphasizes Human Choice in Salvation, 1836, Dorothea Dix defends the mentally ill, 1843, David Walkers Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829, William Lloyd Garrison Introduces The Liberator, 1831, Angelina Grimk, Appeal to Christian Women of the South, 1836, Sarah Grimk Calls for Womens Rights, 1838, Henry David Thoreau Reflects on Nature, 1854, Nat Turner explains the Southampton rebellion, 1831, Solomon Northup Describes a Slave Market, 1841, George Fitzhugh Argues that Slavery is Better than Liberty and Equality, 1854, Sermon on the Duties of a Christian Woman, 1851, Mary Polk Branch remembers plantation life, 1912, William Wells Brown, Clotel; or, The Presidents Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States, 1853, Cherokee Petition Protesting Removal, 1836, John OSullivan Declares Americas Manifest Destiny, 1845, Diary of a Woman Migrating to Oregon, 1853, Chinese Merchant Complains of Racist Abuse, 1860, Wyandotte woman describes tensions over slavery, 1849, Letters from Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda regarding Latin American Revolution, 1805-1806, President Monroe Outlines the Monroe Doctrine, 1823, Stories from the Underground Railroad, 1855-56, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, 1852, Charlotte Forten complains of racism in the North, 1855, Margaraetta Mason and Lydia Maria Child Discuss John Brown, 1860, South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860, Alexander Stephens on Slavery and the Confederate Constitution, 1861, General Benjamin F. Butler Reacts to Self-Emancipating People, 1861, William Henry Singleton, a formerly enslaved man, recalls fighting for the Union, 1922, Ambrose Bierce Recalls his Experience at the Battle of Shiloh, 1881, Abraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address, 1865, Freedmen discuss post-emancipation life with General Sherman, 1865, Jourdon Anderson Writes His Former Enslaver, 1865, Charlotte Forten Teaches Freed Children in South Carolina, 1864, General Reynolds Describes Lawlessness in Texas, 1868, A case of sexual violence during Reconstruction, 1866, Frederick Douglass on Remembering the Civil War, 1877, William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism (ca.1880s), Henry George, Progress and Poverty, Selections (1879), Andrew Carnegies Gospel of Wealth (June 1889), Grover Clevelands Veto of the Texas Seed Bill (February 16, 1887), The Omaha Platform of the Peoples Party (1892), Dispatch from a Mississippi Colored Farmers Alliance (1889), Lucy Parsons on Women and Revolutionary Socialism (1905), Chief Joseph on Indian Affairs (1877, 1879), William T. Hornady on the Extermination of the American Bison (1889), Chester A. Arthur on American Indian Policy (1881), Frederick Jackson Turner, Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893), Turning Hawk and American Horse on the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890/1891), Helen Hunt Jackson on a Century of Dishonor (1881), Laura C. Kellogg on Indian Education (1913), Andrew Carnegie on The Triumph of America (1885), Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in America (1900), Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918), Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper (1913), Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890), Rose Cohen on the World Beyond her Immigrant Neighborhood (ca.1897/1918), William McKinley on American Expansionism (1903), Rudyard Kipling, The White Mans Burden (1899), James D. Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. . Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 1524. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. The report noted that Wells had been welcomed by a local chapter of the Anti-Lynching Society, and a letter from Frederick Douglass, regretting that he couldn't attend, had been read. . It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. The New York Times reported on her speech: In 1895 Wells published a landmark book, A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings In the United States. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. In 1895 Wells married Ferdinand Barnett, an editor and lawyer in Chicago. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist, educator, and activist in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. In Memphis, Wells found work as a teacher. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. Wells died on March 25, 1931. . The Problem of Japan: A Japanese Liberal's View. Most were written by African-American authors, though some were . Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Lynch Law In America, By Ida B. Wells began against lynching prompted the passage of anti-lynching laws in some parts of the South, and a large drop in the number of documented lynchings, from 235 in 1892, to 107 in 1899. Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. Wells. . 3) Mass acceptance of lynching. That gave an impetus to the hunt, and the Atlanta Constitutions reward of $500 keyed the mob to the necessary burning and roasting pitch. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. Our countrys national crime is lynching. From the early 1890s she labored mostly alone in her effort to raise the nation's awareness and indignation about these usually unpunished murders. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 Aims and Objects of the Movement for Solution of t "The Bible," from Christianity and Liberalism. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. "Lynch Law in America" (Speech Given in Chicago, Illinois; Jan. 1900) by Ida B Wells Our country's national crime is lynching. (1900). Although the black press had covered mob violence for many years, Lynch Law in America was one of the first uncompromising, graphically descriptive portrayals of lynching to be aimed at an audience that was largely white. The emergency no longer existing, lynching gradually disappeared from the West. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ne Ida Bell Wells, (born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois), American journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. For additional statistics on lynching, see the Tuskegee Institutes count. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett - Free Ebook Project Gutenberg 70,082 free ebooks 4 by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells-Barnett Download This eBook Similar Books Readers also downloaded In African American Writers In Crime Nonfiction Bibliographic Record In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. . During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. No American travels abroad without blushing for shame for his country on this subject. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. In her lifetime, she battled sexism, racism, and violence. [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. Ida Wells was born into slavery. The pamphlet was reprinted in 1893 and 1894. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). March 01, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. Murray Collection with a date range of 1822 through 1909. 1) True crime of lynching = public acceptance. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South]. Paid Italy for lynchings at Walsenburg, Col 10,000.00 She went on to note that lynching was not only a national epidemic, but also an endemic (and barbaric) part of the American psyche. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. without', 'no matter . She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. For this reason they publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. The Negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/, Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Florida Center for Instructional Technology. And it hit home for Ida B. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. Wells moved from Memphis to Brooklyn. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. But the reign of the national law was short-lived and illusionary. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). In March 2018, as part of a project to highlight women who had been overlooked, the New York Times published a belated obituary of Ida B. They had no time to give the prisoner a bill of exception or stay of execution. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. Finally, for love of country. Ida B. Wells as social activist and journalist, but also studies her personality in the context of her major works and the historical realities of that time.. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). 2 Wells-Barnett sought a federal anti-lynching law that would Born a slave in 1862 she managed to gain a college education and pursued her love of journalism. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. Features such as a chronology, questions for consideration, a bibliography, and an index are also included to aid students' understanding of the historical context and significance of Ida B. Wells's work. She refused and was ejected from the train. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) The cover page for Southern Horrors: Lynch Law In All Its Phases (1892), the first pamphlet by Ida B. The method then inaugurated was the outrages by the red-shirt bands of Louisiana, South Carolina, and other Southern States, which were succeeded by the Ku-Klux Klans. Ida B. . Important Black Women in American History, 27 Black American Women Writers You Should Know, 6 Revealing Autobiographies by African American Thinkers, African-American History and Women Timeline (1930-1939), The African American Press Timeline: 1827 to 1895, African-American Men and Women of the Progressive Era, Robert Sengstacke Abbott: Publisher of "The Chicago Defender", The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). Paid Italy for massacre of Italian prisoners atNew Orleans 24,330.90 America during the first six months of this year (1893). Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born enslaved in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. Rhetoric. . 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