Topic. Abbasid architecture. Abbasid architecture is similar to these topics: Umayyad architecture, Abbasid Revolution, Al-Askar and more. Below is a list of abbasid architecture words - that is, words related to abbasid architecture. See photos of historic architectural treasures. The Abbasid Palace in Baghdad (1230 CE) and the Madrasa of Mustansiriyeh (1233 CE) are adorned with Muqarnas decorations and detailed geometrical patterns of carved brickwork and terracotta. The palace-city was builtwell apart from Cordoba in a green landscape irrigated by water from the mountains and planted with gardens Encyclopedia of Asian History. Hispano-Umayyad palace architecture, was built on the slope of a mountain west of Cordoba in order to exploit the views this elevated site offered. The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50km south of Karbala, Iraq. This was built to accommodate some of the most important visitors including the caliphs themselves. "Abbasid Dynasty." [1] Abbasid Palace - Castles, Palaces and Fortresses. ; Haroun al-Rashid (786-809): Established many large settlements along the Tigris and the Euphrates. Jan 24, 2017 - fountain-and-inner-courtyard-abbasid-palace-baghdad-iraq-picture-id175824088 (507×338) Pinterest. As virtually nothing remains from Abbasid Baghdad today, the site of Samarra is particularly significant for understanding the art and architecture of the Abbasid period. Saved by Mohabeer. side. An example of the historic Abbasid designs is the Abbasid Palace in Baghdad, which dates back to the 10th century. The outer side is of wage painted blue. Baghdad, Printed at Govt. sabahalsaqi. Abbasids lost control of large parts of their empire after 850, their architecture continued to be copied by successor states in Iran, Egypt and North Africa. As for the Abbasid palaces, the civic architecture movement was very active in the Abbasid era, caliphs were interested in constructing palaces for them in the cities they set up for example in Baghdad, Al-Mansour built the famous Gold Palace and Al-khuld (eternity) palace, and Al-Rashid constructed a palace in Raqqah in Syria and Al-Mutassim built Al Jawsaq Al-Khaqani palace … Since the style set by the capital was used throughout the Muslim world, Baghdad and Samarra became associated with the new artistic and architectural trend. The Abbasid architecture of Baghdad was dominated by the use of brick as a construction material. Great Mosque of Samarra, Abbasid palace in Karbala, Iraq; Dalal Bridge in Zakho, Iraq are the examples of Islamic Architecture in Abbasid period. Fatma Dahmani is a Barakat Trust postdoctoral fellow. Web. The Architectural Ornament of Abbasid Samarra: Newly Released Depictions by Ernst Herzfeld December 12, 2014 Matt Saba, Mellon Curatorial Fellow, Department of Islamic Art Two watercolors depicting fragments of wall paintings found at the Main Palace of Samarra. 3. This presentation examines the relationship between palace building and poetry writing at Samarra, the capital of the Abbasid Empire in Iraq from 836 to 892 CE. Jordan University of Science and Technology College of Architecture and Design Department of Architecture Islamic Architecture Dr. Raed Al Tal Abbasid Palatial Architecture 2. In 762 CE the Abbasid Caliphate, under the Caliph al-Mansur, moved the capital of the Muslim world to the newly founded city of Baghdad. The men of the Barmakid family that served during the Abbasid caliphate were patrons of poetry and they contributed to the architectural grandeur of Baghdad during the early Abbasid period by building numerous palaces. The architect of Arabian emperor inspired from Greco-Roman precedents and Byzantine. However, the magnificent mosques and palaces (qasr) reflected more of the Abbasid touch than any other structures. size: 24x16in Giclee Print: Fountain and Inner Courtyard, Abbasid Palace : Saved by Art.com Persian Architecture Art And Architecture Night Shadow Palace Interior Arabian Art Baghdad Iraq Scenic Design Old Photos Giclee Print This presentation examines the relationship between palace building and poetry writing at Samarra, the capital of the Abbasid Empire in Iraq from 836 to 892 CE. No ancient historical books mention Palace, or discuss it from the artistic point of view. Stucco is also widely used as a sheathing material. The Abbasids: Abu jafar al saffah put an end to Umayyad in 750 They took there name from prophet mohammad’s uncle Abbas The second Islamic dynasty (flourished 750-950) •Abu Ja‘far al-Mansur: … Its architecture was built to an extremely high standard. Most researchers differ in their attitude towards the building inside Baghdad Citadel which used to be called “al-Ma’mun Palace”. Excavations conducted more than 100 years ago are seen as the beginnings of scientific Islamic archaeology, and have yielded an exceptional array of finds including a wealth of glass artefacts. 750-1258. The entrance width was 1.80 m [14; 6 and 45]. These structures are excellent representatives of the architectural traditions and techniques of the late Abbasid and early Seljuk eras. The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir (Arabic: حصن الأخيضر) or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. An example of the historic Abbasid designs is the Abbasid Palace in Baghdad, which dates back to the 10th century. No ancient historical books mention Palace, or discuss it from the artistic point of view. The Abbassids became patrons of a number of gigantic construction projects extending from large mosques and complex palaces to large-scale urban design and city planning, and consequently played a fundamental role in the city planning. In Baghdad: Architecture and monuments. Her original project was focused solely on the Abbasid painting of the Caliphal Palace of Samarra and the extent to which it is an original piece. The Abbasid legacy in architecture was showcased in different structures built during this period. The Mosque of Ibn-Tulun: The furthest westerly evidence of the spread of the Abbasid imperial style. Along with the ring of suburban palaces surrounding the Umayyad capital of Cordoba, Madinat al-Zahra) has often been compared to Abbasid Samarra, a … Sign up. Those who walk through the pointed arch of the recreated Ishtar Gate learn about ancient Babylon and the original gate, scattered among European museums. Find art you love and shop high-quality art prints, photographs, framed artworks and … This specific building was built in 1179 AD. After having conducted further research into the broader city more things caught her eye. 3. The Abbasids: Abu jafar al saffah put an end to Umayyad in 750 They took there name from prophet mohammad’s uncle Abbas The second Islamic dynasty (flourished 750-950) • Abu Ja‘far al-Mansur: (754-75) Second caliph and founder of Baghdad. The Great Mosque at Dar al-Salam: Built by Abu Ja'far al-Mansur in 762, demolished and rebuilt in 808-9, then enlarged in 873-75. The palace is unique in its architectural wealth that incorporated some of the key innovations that greatly impacted the development of Muslim as well as non-Muslim architecture. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988. 14 Sep. 2012. The Abbasid workmen in Mesopotamia and the Levant made use of materials widely available in the area. Her original project was focused solely on the Abbasid painting of the Caliphal Palace of Samarra and the extent to which it is an original piece. The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Constructed by the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah 's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents Abbasid architectural innovation in... Apr 7, 2013 - Explore Antarah ibn Shaddad's photos on Flickr. 9th century Abbasid architecture had foliate decorations on arches, pendant vaults, muqarnas vaults and polychrome interlaced spandrels that became identified as typical of "Islamic" architecture, although these forms may have their origins in Sassanian architecture. Today. These architectural poems, consisting of twenty to forty lines written in the idiom of the The palace was built in a square shape (61*61) m with thick walls (3m) (Figure 8) wage and plaster were used as construction materials. Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate between 836 and 892 CE, the palace-city of Samarra offers a precise window into early Islamic art and architecture. Islamic architecture is not just standards and forms, and is not just limited to patterns applied in places conquered by Muslims. It has a massive courtyard and two stories of rooms. The most notable of these palaces belonged to Jaʿfar and subsequently became the residence of the caliphate. The researchers attributed its built to Khalifa Al-Nasser Le Deen Allah (575-623 AH / 1179-1225 AD), known in Dar Almsnah is like a science House. Many early Abbasid structures such as the palace of Ukhaidhir bear a Similarly, Abbasid elegance was emulated by their religious and political rivals in Byzantium. Hi there! Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. …late ʿAbbāsid architecture include the ʿAbbāsid Palace (late 12th or early 13th century) and the Mustanṣiriyyah madrasah (an Islamic law college built by the caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233), both restored as museums, and the Sahrāwardī Mosque (1234). Along with the ring of suburban palaces surrounding the Umayyad capital of Cordoba, Madinat al-Zahra) has often been compared to Abbasid Samarra, a … The Abbasid style also has a unique form of columns, pillars, and motifs between domes in the form of domes in large mosques. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Visitors to the Abbasid Palace in Baghdad, Iraq learn about Islamic brickwork design and the curved shape of the ogee. Gale World History In Context. Great Mosque of Samarra, Abbasid palace in Karbala, Iraq; Dalal Bridge in Zakho, Iraq are the examples of Islamic Architecture in Abbasid period. In the following the residence build- ings of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rāfiqa will be analysed according to three themes: building size and shape, exterior appearance, and ground plan concept. Further, the reception of Umayyad and Persian-Sasanian building traditions in the early Abbasid architecture of the caliphal residence will be discussed. Excavations at Ukhaidir were conducted in the early 20th century by Gertrude Bell, who wrote the first major report on t… Constructed by the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents Abbasid architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. After having conducted further research into the broader city more things caught her eye. Share. Architecture De Basilique Informations complémentaires 'The Abbasid Palace This remarkable building on the corner of 17 July Bridge and Al-Rashid St/Ahmedi Square with its beautiful arch is a fine example of Islamic architecture, reminiscent of that found in Samarkand. The fortress exemplifies Abbasid architecture in Iraq by demonstrating the "despotic and the pleasure-loving character of the dynasty" in its grand size but cramped living quarters. The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. that the architectural practice (such as mosques architecture) architecture, the palace o f the Umayyad and Abbasid rulers through some form. The original core of Baghdad’s city is the round city of Baghdad, constructed in ancient times by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur in AD 762–766 as the official House of the Abbasid court.. Its official name in Abbasid times was The City of Peace, and it was home to the famous library referred to as the House of Wisdom. It was founded in 936 by'Abd al-Rahman III to provide an appro-priate architectural frame for him in his new role as caliph. Fig. …late ʿAbbāsid architecture include the ʿAbbāsid Palace (late 12th or early 13th century) and the Mustanṣiriyyah madrasah (an Islamic law college built by the caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233), both restored as museums, and the Sahrāwardī Mosque (1234). The Wasṭānī Gate, the only remnant of the medieval wall, has been converted… Ablution (Image) Muslims consider ablution, ritual washing or purification before prayer, a sign of respect to God. Methods Excavations conducted more than 100 years ago are seen as the beginnings of scientific Islamic archaeology, and have yielded an exceptional array of finds including a wealth of glass artefacts. Apr 22, 2021 - Detail of the Interior of Abbasid Palace of Baghdad Photographic Print. Mosque According to Islamic Guidelines Antarah ibn Shaddad has uploaded 21000 photos to Flickr. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture’s fourth Chairman’s Award is given to Oleg Grabar, distinguished scholar and teacher, in acknowledgment of the valuable contributions he has made to the study of the Islamic world’s architectural evolution, from the early Islamic period up to the present. 5- Abbasid Palatial Architecture: (Click on images to enlarge) The Abbasids: The second Islamic dynasty (flourished 750-950) Abu Ja‘far al-Mansur: (754-75) Second caliph and founder of Baghdad. Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy and Louis Massignon believed that the fortress used to be a pre-Islamic winter palace, built by an Iranian architect for the prince of Al-Hira. Abbasid palace: It is one of the important archaeological buildings in Baghdad, in the second Abbasid era. Some scholars have given it the name “Abbasid Palace” implying that it was where a Caliph used to live. 3- Abbasid style: The Abbasids formed their own style of domes and developed Islamic and Umayyad lighthouses. Constructed by the Abbasid caliph's As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. Constructed by the Abbasid caliph's As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. A collection of papers on palace architecture is valuable because thus far Islamic architectural history has been dominated by research on reli-gious monuments. Early Abbasid architecture was very similar to the architecture of the Sassanid Empire, as exemplified by the Palace of Ukhaidhir.It used the same techniques, the same materials of mud brick, baked brick and rough stone blocks set in mortar, and followed Sassanian designs. Moreover, we are going to study the palaces built in the city of Samarra, and found the influence of architectural elements on the palaces built outside Samarra, such as: Al-Mashouq Palace, and the observation of the important architectural elements that emerged in the Abbasid period. The men of the Barmakid family that served during the Abbasid caliphate were patrons of poetry and they contributed to the architectural grandeur of Baghdad during the early Abbasid period by building numerous palaces. The Islamic palaces of the rulers were dominant structures on ancient city skylines. The decoration of the Arab-Islamic architecture is closely related to the language of Islamic art. Historical Features of the Tigris River in Baghdad Rusafa, which extends from the school Al-Mustansiriya to the The Umayyads chose Damascus to be the capital of the Islamic world, they combined the art from the pre-Islamic era in the Arabian peninsula and the Ghassanid architecture , the Ghassanid architecture was highly influenced by the Byzantine and Sassanian, therefore the Umayyad’s style represents a transitional stage between the orient Christian arts to the Abbasid style. Testimony of Nature; The Testimony of reason; The Testimony of the Shariat The Main Caliphal Palace at Samarra, known in Arabic as Dar al-Khilafa (Abode of the Caliphate) or Qasr al-Khalifa (Palace of the Caliph), functioned as the primary residence of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu’tasim and several of his successors for a period of nearly fifty years during the middle of … The original core of Baghdad’s city is the round city of Baghdad, constructed in ancient times by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur in AD 762–766 as the official House of the Abbasid court.. Its official name in Abbasid times was The City of Peace, and it was home to … Typical features of the more important buildings included massive round piers and smaller engaged columns. Sacred Architecture. 7 Late Sasanian palaces The Architecture of the Abbasid Residence 95 Fig. The palace has a complex design with many interns leading one to other. His name became inexorably linked to the tales of Arabian Night. Nov 1, 2013 - The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة العباسية / ALA-LC: al-Khilāfah al-‘Abbāsīyyah), was the third of the Islamic caliphates. Explore. Abbasid architecture developed in the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 945, primarily in its heartland of Mesopotamia. Thus the fronting arch of the Arch of Ctesiphon was once decorated with a lobed molding, a form copied in the palace of al-Ukhaidar. The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. The Abbasid Palace was probably established by Caliph Al-Naser Ledinillah in the 12thcentury, during the Abbasid period of history, making it one of the oldest palaces in the world, and it is the oldest surviving building in Baghdad. Basilica Architecture.. Source: The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. The Umayyad Period: Jerusalem and Damascus He planned a new city on a grid. 836 onward), the mosques of al-Mutawakkil (848-52) and Abu Dulaf (859-61) in Samarra' were important in setting the style that was emulated in regions as far as Egypt or Central Asia, where it was adapted to need and taste.In the tenth century, Abbasid political unity weakened and independent or semi-autonomous local dynasties were … Unusually, Samarra’s palaces became the subject of a number of poems written by the most talented court poets of the day. The Main Caliphal Palace at Samarra, known in Arabic as Dar al-Khilafa (Abode of the Caliphate) or Qasr al-Khalifa (Palace of the Caliph), functioned as the primary residence of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu’tasim and several of his successors for a period of nearly fifty years during the middle of … The Abbasids: Abu jafar al saffah put an end to Umayyad in 750 They took there name from prophet mohammad’s uncle Abbas The second Islamic dynasty (flourished 750-950) •Abu Ja‘far al-Mansur: … Because of this, the palace has attracted much academic interest, particularly from German, French and British archaeologists and architects. Baghdad, al-Ma'aref Press, 1973. The Islamic palaces of the rulers were dominant structures on ancient city skylines. Origins Early Abbasid architecture was very similar to the architecture of the Sassanid Empire, as exemplified by the Palace … found: Britannica online, June 15, 2017: under Baghdad (examples of late ʿAbbāsid architecture include the ʿAbbāsid Palace) found : Dictionary of Islamic architecture, 1996: p. 1 (Abbasid architecture covers a vast area from North Africa to western India) Baghdad, the decoration of palaces, mosques and domes in its geometrical, artifacts, or mixed forms of arabesques, flourished in Baghdad. The Abbasid Palace in Baghdad (1230 CE) and the Madrasa of Mustansiriyeh (1233 CE) are adorned with Muqarnas decorations and detailed geometrical patterns of carved brickwork and terracotta. Most researchers differ in their attitude towards the building inside Baghdad Citadel which used to be called “al-Ma’mun Palace”. 1). Early Abbasid architecture was very similar to the architecture of the Sassanid Empire, as exemplified by the Palace of Ukhaidhir.It used the same techniques, the same materials of mud brick, baked brick and rough stone blocks set in mortar, and followed Sassanian designs. In 830 a Byzantine envoy went to Baghdad, where he was so impressed by the splendor of Abbasid architecture that on his return to Constantinople he persuaded Emperor Theophilos (829-842) to build a palace exactly like the ones he had seen. The chemical composition of glass reflects the … Mosque According to Islamic Guidelines The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir located 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq (in the Northern Arabian Desert) was constructed in 775 by the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa. Log in. [36] But whether these or the Umayyad palace gateways before them owed anything to the Sasanians is a moot question, as little Sasanian gate architecture survives. In addition to this, each of four quadrants include an maydan which meaning open plaza. This is the Abbasid Palace. The 'Abbasid architecture of Samarra in the reign of both al-Mu'tasim and al-Muawakkil. Find the perfect abbasid palace stock photo. Home; Faith. Abbasid architecture developed in the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 945, primarily in its heartland of Mesopotamia. While no monuments survive from the early Abbasid period, examples of late Abbasid architecture include the Abbasid Palace (late 12th or early 13th century) and the Mustanṣiriyyah madrasah (an Islamic law college built by the caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233), both restored as museums, and the Sahrāwardī Mosque (1234). Some scholars have given it the name “Abbasid Palace” implying that it was where a Caliph used to live. Saved from everycastle.com. Press, 1935. And search more of iStock's library of royalty-free stock images that features Ancient photos available for quick and easy download. Architecture may have begun in areas of what we call the Middle East. ... A unique example of Marrakech architecture is the Hambra Palace. These structures are excellent representatives of the architectural traditions and techniques of the late Abbasid and early Seljuk eras. This is understandable, given the small number of palatial structures that have survived. ; Haroun al-Rashid (786-809): Established many large settlements along the Tigris and the Euphrates. ... A unique example of Marrakech architecture is the Hambra Palace. Unusually, Samarra’s palaces became the subject of a num ber of poems written by the most talented court poets of the day. Abbasid architecture is probably one of my favorite Islamic and non-Islamic architectural styles. View WHTL-5880.doc from HIST 343875 at Washington University in St. Louis. Mudiriyat al -Athar al Qadimah al 'Ammah. The chemical composition of glass reflects the … Islamic Faith; Islam and Belief; The Pillars Of Faith; Belief In Allah. Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate between 836 and 892 CE, the palace-city of Samarra offers a precise window into early Islamic art and architecture. No need to register, buy now! The most notable of these palaces belonged to Jaʿfar and subsequently became the residence of the caliphate. In 830 a Byzantine envoy went to Baghdad, where he was so impressed by the splendor of Abbasid architecture that on his return to Constantinople he persuaded Emperor Theophilos (829-842) to build a palace exactly like the ones he had seen. Abbasids lost control of large parts of their empire after 850, their architecture continued to be copied by successor states in Iran, Egypt and North Africa. Abbasid architecture was influenced by three architectural traditions - Sassanian, Central Asian (Soghdian) and later, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Seljuk. Abbasid architecture developed in the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 945, primarily in its heartland of Mesopotamia.The Abbasids evolved distinctive styles of their own, particularly in decoration of their buildings.While the Abbasids lost control of large parts of their empire after 870, their architecture continued to be copied by successor states in Iran, Egypt and North Africa. The Abbasids inherited Persian architectural traditions in Mesopotamia, and were later influenced by Central Asian styles. ity of extant buildings are in the Abbasid homeland of Iraq. He located governor’s palace and the Friday mosque at the main intersection of these grids. 5- Abbasid Palatial Architecture: (Click on images to enlarge) The Abbasids: The second Islamic dynasty (flourished 750-950) Abu Ja‘far al-Mansur: (754-75) Second caliph and founder of Baghdad. The Abbasid style also has a unique form of columns, pillars, and motifs between domes in the form of domes in large mosques. The study aimed at revealing the plant decorations used in the Abbasid palace in Baghdad and its elements and origins. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. The palace lies at the north end of the original city founded by Mu‘tasim in 836/221 AH, its southern boundaries coming into contact with the end of two of Samarra’s large arterial avenues, although the connection between these and the palace complex remains unclear. The Abbasids may have chosen its site for aesthetic rather than practical reasons. Antarah ibn Shaddad has uploaded 21000 photos to Flickr. Topics similar to or like Abbasid architecture. This presentation examines the relationship between palace building and poetry writing at Samarra, the capital of the Abbasid Empire in Iraq from 836 to 892 CE. Fatma Dahmani is a Barakat Trust postdoctoral fellow. Islamic palatial architecture naturally flourished from the outset of an established, centralised power base as that which developed in Umayyad Syria, Jordan and Palestine. Nov 5, 2017 - This two-storied, brick historic monument is situated close to the left bank of the Tigris River in the Maydan neighborhood of Baghdad. The ruins of Palatial Buildings in Iran-proper and greater Iran including Iraq have been linked with the Sasanian dynasty since the nineteenth century, but the concept of a Sasanian palace architecture goes back only six decades to Oscar Reuther's study in the Survey of Persian Art. This brick structure features a range of arches … The Great Mosque of Samarra (Mosque of al-Mutawakkil): Founded by caliph al-Mutawakkil (847-61) is the largest mosque in the Islamic classical period (240 by 156 m). The architectural types that were widely adopted throughout the Islamic world developed under the dynasties of the Umayyads in Syria and the Abbasids in Iraq during the 8th and 9th centuries. Download this Exterior View To Alukhaidir Fortress Aka Abbasid Palace Of Ukhaider Near Karbala Iraq photo now. Apr 7, 2013 - Explore Antarah ibn Shaddad's photos on Flickr. palaces, address a wide variety of issues raised by a specific building type. This brick structure features a range of arches … It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Constructed by the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents Abbasid architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. • Haroun al-Rashid (786-809): Established many large settlements along the Tigris and the Euphrates. Iraq. They evolved distinctive styles of their own, particularly in decoration of their buildings. Madinat al-Zahra', like the Abbasid palaces of Samarra, had a short life (fig. With Caliph al-Nasir (1179-1225) the Abbasids once again gained control of Iraq, but the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 brought the Abbasid caliphate to an end. Architecture. Unusually, Samarra’s palaces became the subject of a num ber of poems written by the most talented court poets of the day. In terms of architecture, along with the palace of Jawsaq al-Khaqani (ca. ; The city, known as ‘the Round City’, was built as two large semicircles with a mosque at the centre and housed the caliph’s palace, libraries, government and military buildings.It also contained parks, gardens, squares and wide avenues.
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