Avian influenza (or bird flu) is a lung and airway disease found in birds, and it is caused by the influenza virus. Zoonotic diseases are treated depending on the type of germ they come from. Animal bites and scratches, broken skin contact with animal wastes and soiled equipment, and accidental ingestion of organisms can result in the transmission of zoonotic diseases. Researchers want to know more about how the flu is transmitted from animals to people. This type of disease passes from an animal or insect to a human. Also, use of personal protective equipment, frequent hand washing, and restrictions on smoking in or around swine facilities should be encouraged. In the temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere, influenza activity typically occurs during April – September. Type A Influenza: There are four types of influenza, with type A influenza coming from horses, ducks, chickens, pigs, cats and even whales and seals. The severity of the disease depends on the strain of virus involved and the age of the affected pigs. New developments in prevention and treatment of influenza. How to prevent the new strain of bird flu turning into a global crisis Tackling zoonotic diseases requires acknowledging the interplay among the health of … This course provides a general introduction to the disease and is intended for personnel involved in avian and other zoonotic influenza outbreak preparedness and response. Examples of zoonotic influenza viruses that have recently caused human infections include highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9), A(H5N1), and A(H5N6); low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N2), which was transmitted from a cat; and swine influenza A(H1N2)v and A(H3N2)v. Advice for the public in outbreak areas . … Vaccine candidates have recently been developed that can elicit antibodies against multiple influenza strains, and thus could overcome the need for annual influenza vaccines.55 56 57 Several antiviral drugs are currently in development for influenza treatment, including favipiravir,58 nitazoxanide,59 60 and arbidol.61 62. CONTENTS . Front. demonstrate that the proposed FICT assay is able to detect zoonotic influenza A viruses with a high sensitivity , and it enables the quantitation of the infection intensity by providing the numerical diagnostic values; thus demonstrating enhanced detectability of influenza A viruses. The risk for exposure to influenza during travel depends somewhat on the time of year and destination. Rabies is a disease that affects the nervous system of mammals. Being aware of them will help you protect yourself and your … Researchers and animal care staff should be aware of the potential for transmission of zoonotic diseases when handling marmosets. This viral infection can also spread to humans, so if your bird is infected, seek immediate treatment and take all necessary precautions to prevent an outbreak of bird flu. x The 2017–2018 influenza season demonstrated deep vulnerabilities within the U.S. health system and its capacity to prevent and treat outbreaks of infectious disease—a harbinger of the challenges the system would face in 2020 with the arrival of a novel coronavirus. These drugs must be taken within two days after the appearance of symptoms. Avian Influenza. This is the only type of influenza known to cause flu pandemics. Swine flu infection usually results in respiratory disease. During the last two decades, scientists have grown increasingly aware that viruses are emerging from the human–animal interface. Typically, the first infected human transmits the infectious agent to at least one other human, who, in turn, infects others. How to treat flu yourself. The increasing incidence of infections caused by these viruses worldwide has necessitated focused attention to improve both diagnostic as well as treatment modalities. Examples of zoonotic diseases or zoonoses (diseases transmitted between animals and humans) include Zika virus, Ebola virus, avian flu, SARS, MERS, West Nile virus, Lyme disease and yellow fever. Influenza A virus (IAV) is the sole cause of the unpredictable influenza pandemics and deadly zoonotic outbreaks and constitutes at least half of the cause of regular annual influenza epidemics in humans. In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season can begin as early as October and can last as late as April or May. Interactions in areas with limited human influence 13 Public Health 6:104. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00104 A Mini … LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF BOXES 4 LIST OF TABLES 4 INTRODUCTION 5 1. Covid-19 is what scientists call a zoonotic disease - that means it starts off in animals and then humans catch it. Human infections with novel or non-human influenza viruses (also known as zoonotic influenza viruses) are rare but can result in a pandemic if sustained person-to-person transmission occurs and the population has little or no pre-existing population immunity to the virus. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ZOONOTIC DISEASES 6 2. and Treatment, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health Received: 17 January 2018 Accepted: 27 March 2018 Published: 09 April 2018 Citation: Bailey ES, Fieldhouse JK, Choi JY and Gray GC (2018) A Mini Review of the Zoonotic Threat Potential of Influenza Viruses, Coronaviruses, Adenoviruses, and Enteroviruses. Zoonotic influenza occurs when humans are infected with influenza viruses circulating in animals. Zoonotic diseases are illnesses and infections that can spread from animals to humans. Zoonosis is another name for a zoonotic disease. mild upper respiratory infection (fever and cough) to rapid progression to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and even death. describe transmission, symptoms and treatment for zoonotic influenza; describe why zoonotic influenza viruses are of potential concern to public health; describe the role of public health authorities in reducing the risk of human infections with zoonotic influenza viruses; and; list key preventive strategies. Treatment Many influenza viruses have become resistant to the effects of a category of antiviral drugs that includes amantadine and rimantadine (Flumadine). She cited previous zoonotic pandemics, such as the 2009 swine flu (Influenza H1N1), which killed 285,000 people worldwide before morphing into the seasonal flu… Common zoonotic illnesses include: Rabies. It is one of several severe zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential in the presence of sustained human-to-human transmission. Some researchers disagree and … Human infections are primarily acquired through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments. Studies show that pigs can be sources of the flu virus in humans. - The flu is a very infectious and contagious virus that affects both people and pigs. Surveillance for zoonotic influenza virus therefore must be routinely conducted among agricultural workers. Some don’t make the animal sick but will sicken a human. It is usually caused by a virus and is transmitted if … To help you get better more quickly: rest and sleep; keep warm; take paracetamol or ibuprofen to lower your temperature and treat aches and pains; drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration (your pee should be light yellow or clear) A pharmacist can help with flu.
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